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CoderzColumn Tutorials

Learning is a lifelong process. But you must know what, where, and how to learn? What skills to develop? What skills will help you boost your career? If not, you are at the right place! Our tutorial section at CoderzColumn is dedicated to providing you with all the practical lessons. It will give you the experience to learn Python for different purposes and code on your own. Our tutorials cover:

  • Python Programming - threading, multiprocessing, concurrent.futures, asyncio, queue, imaplib, smtplib, email, mimetypes, cprofile, profile, tracemalloc, logging, ipywidgets, beautifulsoup, filecmp, glob, shutil, tarfile, zipfile, argparse, datetime, traceback, abc, contextlib, warnings, dataclasses, re, difflib, textwrap, collections, heapq, bisect, weakref, configparser, signa, ipaddress, xarray, pandas, subprocess, sched, etc.
  • Artificial Intelligence - PyTorch, Keras, Tensorflow, JAX, MXNet, Torchvision, Torchtext, GluonCV, GluonNLP, etc
  • Machine Learning - Scikit-Learn, Statsmodels, XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, optuna, scikit-optimize, hyperopt, bayes_opt, scikit-plot, lime, shap, eli5, etc.
  • Data Science - missingno, seaborn, pandas, sweetviz, numpy, networkx, xarray, awkward-array, etc.
  • Data Visualization - Matplotlib, Bokeh, Bqplot, Plotnine, Altair, Plotly, Cufflinks, Holoviews, dash, streamlit, panel, voila, bokeh, geopandas, geoviews, folium, ipyleaflet, geoplot, cartopy, etc.
  • Digital Marketing - SEO tactics, marketing strategies, Social Media marketing, and more.

For an in-depth understanding of the above concepts, check out the sections below.

Recent Tutorials

Tags shap-values, text-classification, flax, jax
Explain Flax (JAX) Text Classification Networks using SHAP Values
Artificial Intelligence

Explain Flax (JAX) Text Classification Networks using SHAP Values

The tutorial covers a guide to generating SHAP values to explain predictions made by Flax (JAX) text classification network. The network makes predictions on text data vectorized using Scikit-learn Tf-Idf vectorizer.

Sunny Solanki  Sunny Solanki
Feb 21, 2022 ~30 mins
Tags shap-values, text-classification, keras
Explain Text Classification Models Using SHAP Values (Keras + Vectorized Data)
Artificial Intelligence

Explain Text Classification Models Using SHAP Values (Keras + Vectorized Data)

The tutorial covers a guide to generating SHAP values for explaining predictions of text classification networks. The tutorial has a keras network that works on data vectorized using Scikit-learn Tf-Idf vectorizer.

Sunny Solanki  Sunny Solanki
Feb 17, 2022 ~30 mins
Tags shap-values, text-classification, keras
SHAP Values for Text Classification Tasks (Keras NLP)
Artificial Intelligence

SHAP Values for Text Classification Tasks (Keras NLP)

The tutorial guides how we can generate SHAP values to explain predictions made by text classification networks designed using keras. It uses text vectorization from keras to vectorize text data.

Sunny Solanki  Sunny Solanki
Feb 14, 2022 ~30 mins
Tags text-classification, flax, jax
Text Classification Using Flax (JAX) Networks
Artificial Intelligence

Text Classification Using Flax (JAX) Networks

The tutorial explains how to design neural networks using deep learning Python library Flax (JAX) to solve text classification tasks. It uses various text vectorizers available from scikit-learn to vectorize text data which is then fed into Flax (JAX) networks.

Sunny Solanki  Sunny Solanki
Feb 11, 2022 ~30 mins
Tags text-classification, keras
Text Classification Using Keras Networks
Artificial Intelligence

Text Classification Using Keras Networks

The tutorial explains how we can use neural networks created using deep learning Python library keras to solve text classification tasks. It explains how we can use the Text Vectorization layer provided by Keras to vectorize text in different ways.

Sunny Solanki  Sunny Solanki
Feb 08, 2022 ~30 mins
Tags jax, learning-rate-schedules
Learning Rate Schedules For JAX Networks
Artificial Intelligence

Learning Rate Schedules For JAX Networks

The tutorial covers the majority of learning rate schedulers available from the Python deep learning library JAX’s sub-module named optimizers.

Sunny Solanki  Sunny Solanki
Feb 05, 2022 ~30 mins
Tags optax, learning-rate-schedules
Optax: Learning Rate Schedules for Flax (JAX) Networks
Artificial Intelligence

Optax: Learning Rate Schedules for Flax (JAX) Networks

The tutorial covers learning rate schedules available from Optax Python library which has an implementation of optimizers (SGD, Adam, etc.) used by Flax (JAX) networks. Learning rate schedules anneals learning rate over time during training using various formulas to improve network performance.

Sunny Solanki  Sunny Solanki
Feb 02, 2022 ~45 mins
Tags learning-rate-schedules, keras
Simple Guide to Learning Rate Schedules for Keras Networks
Artificial Intelligence

Simple Guide to Learning Rate Schedules for Keras Networks

Learning rate schedules anneals learning rate during training over time to improve the performance of networks. The tutorial covers the majority of learning rate schedules available in Python deep learning library keras as well as explains how to create your custom schedule to anneal learning rate.

Sunny Solanki  Sunny Solanki
Jan 30, 2022 ~30 mins
Tags keras, callbacks
Simple Guide To Keras Callbacks
Artificial Intelligence

Simple Guide To Keras Callbacks

Keras callbacks are Python functions that let us perform some functionalities at the start of training, end of the training, the start of a batch, the end of a batch, the start of epoch, and the end of an epoch. It let us change learning rate, stop training, save model/weights, log metrics, etc. The tutorial explains them with simple examples.

Sunny Solanki  Sunny Solanki
Jan 27, 2022 ~30 mins
Tags recommendation-systems, collaborative-filtering, …
Recommender Systems (Collaborative Filtering) using Flax (JAX)
Artificial Intelligence

Recommender Systems (Collaborative Filtering) using Flax (JAX)

The tutorial covers a simple guide to designing recommendation systems using a collaborative filtering approach and Flax (JAX) Python deep learning framework. It covers 4 different simple models to solve the recommendation task.

Sunny Solanki  Sunny Solanki
Jan 24, 2022 ~45 mins

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Parallel Computing using Python

Parallel Computing using Python

Parallel Computing is a type of computation where tasks are assigned to individual processes for completion. These processes can be running on a single computer or cluster of computers. Parallel Computing makes multi-tasking super fast.

Python provides different libraries (joblib, dask, ipyparallel, etc) for performing parallel computing.

joblib

joblib
ipyparallel

ipyparallel
dask.distributed

dask.distributed
dask.delayed

dask.delayed
dask.bag

dask.bag
Concurrent Programming in Python

Concurrent Programming in Python

Concurrent computing is a type of computing where multiple tasks are executed concurrently. Concurrent programming is a type of programming where we divide a big task into small tasks and execute these tasks in parallel. These tasks can be executed in parallel using threads or processes.

Python provides various libraries (threading, multiprocessing, concurrent.futures, asyncio, etc) to create concurrent code.

threading

threading
multiprocessing

multiprocessing
concurrent.futures

concurrent.futures
asyncio

asyncio
asyncio - Synchronization Primitives

asyncio - Synchronization Primitives
queue

queue
Visualize Machine Learning Metrics

Visualize Machine Learning Metrics

Once our Machine Learning model is trained, we need some way to evaluate its performance. We need to know whether our model has generalized or not.

For this, various metrics (confusion matrix, ROC AUC curve, precision-recall curve, silhouette Analysis, elbow method, etc) are designed over time. These metrics help us understand the performance of our models trained on various tasks like classification, regression, clustering, etc.

Python has various libraries (scikit-learn, scikit-plot, yellowbrick, interpret-ml, interpret-text, etc) to calculate and visualize these metrics.

Scikit-Learn: ML Model Evaluation Metrics

Scikit-Learn: ML Model Evaluation Metrics
scikit-plot

scikit-plot
yellowbrick

yellowbrick
interpret-ml

interpret-ml
interpret-text

interpret-text
Interpret Predictions Of ML Models

Interpret Predictions Of ML Models

After training ML Model, we generally evaluate the performance of model by calculating and visualizing various ML Metrics (confusion matrix, ROC AUC curve, precision-recall curve, silhouette Analysis, elbow method, etc).

These metrics are normally a good starting point. But in many situations, they don’t give a 100% picture of model performance. E.g., A simple cat vs dog image classifier can be using background pixels to classify images instead of actual object (cat or dog) pixels.

In these situations, our ML metrics will give good results. But we should always be a little skeptical of model performance.

We can dive further deep and try to understand how our model is performing on an individual example by interpreting results. Various algorithms have been developed over time to interpret predictions of ML models and many Python libraries (lime, eli5, treeinterpreter, shap, etc) provide their implementation.

LIME

LIME
Shap Values

Shap Values
eli5

eli5
treeinterpreter

treeinterpreter
dice-ml

dice-ml
Python Data Visualization Libraries

Python Data Visualization Libraries

Data Visualization is a field of graphical representation of information / data. It is one of the most efficient ways of communicating information with users as humans are quite good at capturing patterns in data.

Python has a bunch of libraries that can help us create data visualizations. Some of these libraries (matplotlib, seaborn, plotnine, etc) generate static charts whereas others (bokeh, plotly, bqplot, altair, holoviews, cufflinks, hvplot, etc) generate interactive charts. Majority of basic visualizations like bar charts, line charts, scatter plots, histograms, box plots, pie charts, etc are supported by all libraries. Many libraries also support advanced visualization, widgets, and dashboards.

matplotlib (Static Charts)

matplotlib (Static Charts)
bokeh (Interactive Charts)

bokeh (Interactive Charts)
bqplot (Interactive Charts)

bqplot (Interactive Charts)
plotnine (Static Charts)

plotnine (Static Charts)
altair (Interactive Charts)

altair (Interactive Charts)
seaborn (Static Charts)

seaborn (Static Charts)
holoviews (Static & Interactive Charts)

holoviews (Static & Interactive Charts)
cufflinks (Interactive Charts)

cufflinks (Interactive Charts)
hvplot (Interactive Charts)

hvplot (Interactive Charts)
Pandas-Bokeh (Interactive Charts)

Pandas-Bokeh (Interactive Charts)
Advanced Data Visualizations using Python

Advanced Data Visualizations using Python

Basic Data Visualizations like bar charts, line charts, scatter plots, histograms, box plots, pie charts, etc are quite good at representing information and exploring relationships between data variables.

But sometimes these visualizations are not enough and we need to analyze data from different perspectives. For this purpose, many advanced visualizations are developed over time like Sankey diagrams, candlestick charts, network charts, chord diagrams, sunburst charts, radar charts, parallel coordinates charts, etc. Python has many data visualization libraries that let us create such advanced data visualizations.

Candlestick Charts

Candlestick Charts
Sankey Diagrams

Sankey Diagrams
Sunburst Charts

Sunburst Charts
Chord Diagrams

Chord Diagrams
Network Charts

Network Charts
Parallel Coordinates Charts

Parallel Coordinates Charts
Radar Charts

Radar Charts
Treemap Charts

Treemap Charts
Connection Maps

Connection Maps
Choropleth Maps

Choropleth Maps
Scatter & Bubble Maps

Scatter & Bubble Maps
Python Deep Learning Libraries

Python Deep Learning Libraries

Deep learning is a field in Machine Learning that uses deep neural networks to solve tasks. The neural networks with generally more than one hidden layer are referred to as deep neural networks.

Many real-world tasks like object detection, image classification, image segmentation, etc can not be solved with simple machine learning models (decision trees, random forest, logistic regression, etc). Research has shown that neural networks with many layers are quite good at solving these kinds of tasks involving unstructured data (Image, text, audio, video, etc). Deep neural networks nowadays can have different kinds of layers like convolution, recurrent, etc apart from dense layers.

Python has many famous deep learning libraries (PyTorch, Keras, JAX, Flax, MXNet, Tensorflow, Sonnet, Haiku, PyTorch Lightning, Scikeras, Skorch, etc) that let us create deep neural networks to solve complicated tasks.

PyTorch

PyTorch
Keras

Keras
JAX

JAX
Flax

Flax
MXNet

MXNet
PyTorch Lightning

PyTorch Lightning
Haiku

Haiku
Sonnet

Sonnet
Scikeras

Scikeras
Skorch

Skorch
Image Classification

Image Classification

Image classification is a sub-field under computer vision and image processing that identifies an object present in an image and assigns a label to an image based on it. Image classification generally works on an image with a single object present in it.

Over the years, many deep neural networks (VGG, ResNet, AlexNet, MobileNet, etc) were developed that solved image classification task with quite a high accuracy. Due to the high accuracy of these algorithms, many Python deep learning libraries started providing these neural networks. We can simply load these networks with weights and make predictions using them.

Python libraries PyTorch and MXNet have helper modules named 'torchvision' and 'gluoncv’ respectively that provide an implementation of image classification networks.

PyTorch (Torchvision): Image Classification using Pre-trained Networks

PyTorch (Torchvision): Image Classification using Pre-trained Networks
MXNet (GluonCV): Image Classification using Pre-trained Networks

MXNet (GluonCV): Image Classification using Pre-trained Networks
Image Classification using PyTorch CNNs

Image Classification using PyTorch CNNs
Image Classification using Flax (JAX) CNNs

Image Classification using Flax (JAX) CNNs
Image Classification using MXNet CNNs

Image Classification using MXNet CNNs